(DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC AND DIPLOMATIC ALLIANCE OF KHULMI KUKI IN SOUTH EAST ASIA)
DRADAOK
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC AND DIPLOMATIC ALLIANCE OF MONGOLOID KHULMI (KUKI ) IN SOUTH EAST ASIA
The Encyclopaedia Britannica (1962, vol xiii, 511) records, ‘Kuki, a name given to a group of tribes inhabiting both sides of the mountains dividing Assam and Bengal from Burma, south of the Namtaleik River.’ Grierson (1904) marks out Kuki country as follows:
The territory inhabited by the Kuki tribes extends from the Naga Hills in the north down into the Sandoway District of Burma in the south; from Myittha River in the east, almost to the Bay of Bengal in the west. It is almost entirely filled up by hills and mountain ridges, separated by deep valleys. A great chain of mountains suddenly rises from the plains of Eastern Bengal, about 220 miles north of Calcutta, and stretches eastward in a broadening mass of spurs and ridges, called successively the Garo, Khasia, and Naga Hills. The elevation of the highest point increases towards the east, from about 3,000 feet in the Garo Hills to 8,000 and 9,000 in the region of Manipur. This chain merges, in the east, into the spurs, which the Himalayas shoot out from the north of Assam towards the south. From here a great mass of mountain ridges starts southwards, enclosing the alluvial valley of Manipur, and thence spreads out westwards to the south of Sylhet. It then runs almost due north and south, with cross-ridges of smaller elevation, through the districts known as the Chin Hills, the Lushai Hills, Hill Tipperah, and the Chittagong Hill Tracts. Farther south the mountainous region continues, through the Arakan Hill tracts, and the Arakan Yoma, until it finally sinks into the sea at Cape Negrais, the total length of the range being some seven hundred miles. The greatest elevation is found to the north of Manipur. Thence it gradually diminishes towards the south. Where the ridge enters the north of Arakan it again rises, with summit upwards of 8,000 feet high, and here a mass of spurs is thrown off in all directions. Towards the south the western off-shoots diminish in length, leaving a track of alluvial land between them and the sea, while in the north the eastern off-shoots of the Arakan Yoma run down to the banks of the Irawaddy. This vast mountainous region, from the Jaintia and Naga Hills in the north, is the home of the Kuki tribes. We find them, besides, in the valley of Manipur, and, in small settlements, in the Cachar Plains and Sylhet.
BRIEF HISTORY OF THE KHULMI KUKI MANMASI
The Manmasi , Afridis, Khulmi, Kukis living in NE India, NW Burma, Sylhet and Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Pakistan are descendents of Abraham by his third wife Keturah. Abraham live in Ur and from Ur he migrated to Canaan (now Palestine) and from Canaan his descendents Manmasi, Afridis,and Khulmi Kukis were migrated to Syria. Being a Hebrew or Semitic nation or race they were possessing Torah which is a sacred or religious law and observed Sabbath and important feasts of the Hebrews. From Syria they were taken to China as hired laborer by Shih Haungti the Chinese king and there they built a huge fortress for the king to protect him and his kingdom from the raids of other warring tribes. From Ur to Canaan through Syria, they were called and known as Hebrew or Semitic people and while they were in Syria Manmasi was born from among them who later became their progenitor and after whose name they were called or known as Manmasi . They spent fifty years in China during which they were increased and more people added to their number. During this fifty years they spent most of their time in cave and cliff of the rocks and hence they were called Khulmi which means Cavemen or a men born in a cave.
After fifty years they came out with a great struggle from the cave and altogether live an independent life in Chungkhopi which means a city in the upper land. From Chungkho- pi they spread and move to different places in different groups and began a real national and country life. For many years in Syria and China they live like an exile or a captive now they become free and independent in Chungkhopi and thereafter. They scatter far and wide as their number increased and live a country lifestyle in complete freedom, power and authority. After their patriarch Abraham and Manmasi their progenitor; Shongthu, Shongja, Jahong,Jakhai,Songkip,
Manmasi, Afridis, Khulmi – Kukis who are classified as Tibeto-Burman speaking group of Mongoloid Race by the historians are a very primitive, indigenous and aborigine who were once supreme, predominant and reigned themselves in self sovereignty loss their power and domination to an alien nation during 1st World War and in the wake of 2nd World War they fought a fierce battle to recoup their land but were suppressed by a foreign and alien power and their land and nation had been segregated and annexed to India, Burma and Bangladesh respectively after they become independent of the British. Manmasi, Afridis,
Khulmi-Kukis have status as a nation and have the right to self determination which cannot be suppressed or loss.
The application submitted on behalf of all the dependent and colonized people of Indo-Burma and Indo-Bangladesh representing the united democratic peace council for khulmi kuki manmasi tribes. For granting and restoration of independence, decolonization of the dominated country from the present colonial administrating power of Indo-Myanmar, Indo Bangladesh which was occupied since 1947 in India and 1948 in Burma.
i.For supervising and examining historical materials/records relating to the DRADAOK of Khulmi(Kuki) Manmasi tribes
ii.For terminating the foreign and colonial regime of India,Burma and Bangladesh.
iii.For international appraisal of the separation of the Khulmi kuki manmasi tribes in Indo-Burma and Indo-Bangladesh.
iv.For giving international recognition to the DRADAOK for khulmi-kuki tribes. To exercise their inalienable rights to self- determination in conformity with the UN general assembly resolution 1514(xv) of 1960 and other subsequent resolutions.
V.For all necessary and elaborate steps appropriate measures
towards complete de- colonization of khulmi kuki manmasi
tribes and ceasation of subjugation of her people to the earliest
and lastly, for emergent as well as periodic seasons of the
decolonization committee in the dominated areas.
vi.For enlisting DRADAK the Khulmi Kuki Manmasi tribes in the list of the Non- Self-Governing Territories of the UNPO by enlarging the existing mandate.
01.This is a factually updated petition of the prayer submitted on to the chairman UNPO decolonization committee. We the undersigned representative of the united peace democratic council khulmi/kuki manmasi tribes an organization of the national peace movement in the country of Indo-Myanmar and Indo-Bangladesh which is currently a constituent state of the republic of India furnish the following facts base on historical,political, socio-economic materials as well as legal and constitutional materials for your immediate consideration and urgent international supervision of the colonization and independence of these people of Indo-Myanmar and Indo-Bangladesh by the colonial power of India with the help of a colonial occupation army which continues the ongoing repression, suppression, torture,extra-judicial murder and subjugation of the people of the countries under permanent colonial process and colonization in different form.
02.We fully the de-colonization process adopted by the UN since 1960 and the emergence of the hundred independent sovereign states in conformity with the de-colonization process was initiated by the special committee on the situation with regard to the implementation of the declaration on the granting of the independence to colonial countries and peoples de-colonization committee hereafter vide the UN general assembly resolution 1655 (xvi) of 27 November ,1961 the UN general assembly resolutions 1810 (xvii) of 17 December 1962 (xxv) of 12 October, 1970,35/118 of December 1980, 40/56 of 2nd December 1985, 45/33 of 20 November 1990, 46/181 of 19 December 1991 and the UN general assembly resolution 52/78 of 10 December 1997. 03.It is pertinent that the UN general assembly resolution 52/78 of 10 December 1987 has mandate special committee for the eradication of colonialism in all terrorist that have not yet exercise their right to self-determination including independence to formulate proposals for the elimination of remaining manifestations of colonialism and to recommend to the general assembly the most suitable steps to be taken to enable the populations of those territories to exercise their right to self-determination and independence.
04.The special committee at its 1484th meeting held on 6 February 1998 has accepted to review the list territories to which the colonial declaration of 1960 has applied. The special committee has continued its review of the list of territories to which the declaration is applicable and it also intends to continue to review the list of territories to which declaration is applicable.
05.The non self-governing territory of the kuki countries in Indo-Burma and Indo-Bangladesh illegally annexed and separated in three countries in India, Burma and Bangladesh deserves a legitimate place in the list of territories under the supervision of the special committee to enable the people of Mongoloid khulmi kuki manmasi afridis tribe to exercise their inalienable right to self-determination, independence and sovereignty. The facts of colonization and subjugation are furnished below under the relevant headings. The international community would note that not a single Indian, Burmese and Bangladeshi had ever rule Mongoloid khulmi/ kuki countries either directly or indirectly. The Indian ,Burmese and Bangladeshi history of no concern to the people of mongoloid khulmi/kuki manmasi and afridis till 1949. This corroborated by the history of india, Burma and Bangladesh positively and invariably.
2.HISTORICAL EVIDENCE
1.2.The country formation was completed in the early Christian era, when as many as 119 tribes (see the list) which participates amalgamated themselves to constitute the earliest kuki country , which territorially fluctuated but extended beyond the present territory. The earliest settlers are the ancient kookies/kuki of the present valley and hills (see kuki political map) kookies/kuki cognates renamed by British as Chin in Burma, Afridis in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The early kookies/kuki country which is presently known as North East India, Chin Hills and Chittagong Hill Tracts, Sylhet of three major ethnic group of Mongoloid Khulmi Manmasi/ Afridis race (see list of the khulmi tribes) rechristened by the colonial British. There was a centralized constitutional government since scatter from the construction of the great wall of China under Zhou dynasty at the period Chinese emperor Shih Huangti in 259-210 BC. The history of the kuki had been documented 1000 of books in British library Indian library in all over the world website and e-books. These materials including local and native may be closely examine as historical records by the de-colonisation committee in order to form an objective and positive view of the people of the Mongoloid Khulmi/Kuki Manmasi and Afridis tribe for atleast three centuries so that the officials and colonial perspectives of the administrative power of the Indian, Burmese, Bangladeshi state alone may not form the sole basis for any objective appraisal. Early and medieval Indian history has never included present Kuki as it component till 1947 even the Indian colonial historian admit this.
1.3.A centralized constitutional government had been functioning in the early before the British colonial migrated to South East Asian countries. Several European states did not emerge as stable entities at that point of time.
2.SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL COLONIZATION:
2.01.The people of Mongoloid Khulmi/Kuki Manmasi and Afridis have been deprived off their inalienable birth- right to determine their political and socio-economic status on their own due to Indian , Burmese and Bangladeshi colonial process , subjugation , alien and resist national oppression. They have been deprived of their inalienable right to exploit their natural resources as per their self-determination and this right has to be restored to them. Following the ICJ verdict 1995 on Timor Gap Treaty , it is criminal wrong to for India to usurp the natural resources of Kuki country. They have to exercise their inalienable right to self-determination for their permanent sovereignty over their natural resources, biomass, water-bodies, fauna and flora among others.
2.02.The pre-dominently Mongolian population of Khulmi/Kuki Manmasi and Afridis has been subjugated by the Indian resist and colonial regime which represents only the blue blood of the Aryan and Dravidian races (ANNEX No.viii, Indian party representatives and Khulmi/Kuki peoples photo).The administering power ie’ the Indian colonial regime has never appointed any indigenous people of khulmi/kukis who are of Mongolian origin are treated as subject and subjugated race only to be ruled by the occupation army. Since 1949 onwards till today not a single day has ever passed in kuki country without repressive measures taken by the Indian colonial army by torturing, insulting or extra-judicially murdering the indigenous people khulmi/kuki country. As cited above, a number of repressive laws or laws of legitimizing state terrorism including the terrorist and disruptive activities (prevention) act,1987 and several other draconian laws have been systematically introduced and enforced in the country of kuki land in order to subjugate the people of khulmi/kuki manmasi afridis and incapacitate them from determining their own political destiny (ANNEXURE No.ix).The UN human rights committee and the global NGOs’ have denounced them as incompatible with the international bill of rights,1996 to which the colonial government of India has been a party. The government of India is accountable for enacting laws incompatible with the covenants ratified by her.
2.03.Under section 4 of the armed forces (special) power act 1958, the armed forces of the union of India have been empowered to killed any body on suspicion or out of hatred without any judicial process. Besides, this has enormously encouraged the Indian armed forces to precipitate and heightened their extra-judicial torture and execution of the Mongolian people bordering on genocide of the Mongolian races in kuki countries. Even the supreme court of India upheld the black law by its judgment given on 27th Nov.1997, not a single khulmi/kuki has been appointed to the supreme court in the last half a century. These judges are racists and chauvinists like their political mentors.
2.04.It may be added that Aryan and Dravidian racists in the Indian colonial regime had been guided by secret religious scriptures like the ‘manusmriti’ in all its chapters it authorized Aryan and Dravidian racists, specially persons from high caste to execute or torture women, infants and the races who are not Aryan or Dravidian origin. The people of khulmi/kukis manmasi afridis are not hindu sudras but 90% mongoloid Christians. From their in-built mental perspective they cannot help but to conceive every people of khulmi kukis as sub-sudras, who is to be physically tortured and slaughtered. Hence from the perspective of the Indian colonial army, whenever they physically execute any Mongolian people, they conscientiously assumed that they have performed a secret religious duty and rite to fulfilled the scriptural mandate of their racists ancestors.
It may be recalled that the “Arthasastra” of Kautilya the equivalent of a military manual of colonial blue books gives religious sanctity to the suppression and wiping out of smaller nations and countries in order to establish Indian imperialism and colonialism. Therefore the Indian colonial army and Indian colonial political rulers have no alternative than cherishing a heritage of conquering smaller nations and physically executing people who are not of the Aryan and Dravidian origin. The British colonial power however did not have such a transmitted mandate from their Bible. Indian colonial regime and Indian colonial army operated in such a sophisticated and orchestrated way that the international community cannot easily understand or recognized the entire consequences of the overt and covert Indian colonialism unless UN dispatches visiting mission to the kuki countries. The UN has not been successful to appoint a special human rights reportuer for India although one has appointed for Myanmar.
2.05.The colonial development process and the colonial economy had not been helpful to the people of khulmi/kukis. Not a single major industries whereas several hundreds of crores of rupees spent apparently on paper maintained for the record in order to refuel and recycle their colonial apparatus, quite a few families in kuki country are also use as colonial subsidiaries , the economic condition of the everage people khulmi kuki especially those in the hill areas has not improved even up to the level of subsistence. People survive on grass root in the kuki country especially the hill areas because of colonial economic process. The mongoloid khulmi kuki hill men and plainsmen are divided by the presidential approval to a divisive law – the kuki land and revenue act 1960 in Manipur which debar plainsmen to seek access to the hills. The apartheid has been created.
2.06.The colonial economy in khulmi kuki country has pushed down 68% of kuki people below the poverty line. Centre for monitoring Indian economy in 1992-1993 indicates that whereas Indian state of Punjab reach index of 205 Manipur’s index is 71. As per the Asian development bank’s report 11th May 1997, Manipur rice production in kg/hectare 1400 against Indian everage of 1740. Road in 100 sq.km. in Manipur is 32.64 km. against Indian everage of 62.82 km. Banking credit in Manipur is Rs.6,929/-. Annual budget of Rs.400+ crores is literally for the maintenance of 90,000 colonial Indian army. Innumerable merceneries, police, espionage supporting pro-colonial families and half the budget allocation is not available due to colonial fiscal policy.
2.07.We have living testimony of the socio-cultural colonization of the indigenous people of the khulmii kukis lay the casteist and racists socio-cultural apparatus of India.Firstly, the captive market is at the hands of Hindustanis , secondly no industry has been set up for attaining industrial growth , thirdly all the natural resources have been exploited by the colonial regime, fourthly people survive on subsistence economy and not a single watch, electronic industry has been set up in kuki country let alone major and heavy industries.
2.08.In sum the DRADAOK in kuki country have strongly endorsed the view that the people has socio-economically and politically been exploited by the triune countries colonial regime beside the political and military subjugation of the people since 1947 till today. Majority of the colonized khulmi kukis have to learn Hindi and baptized in colonial religion.
2.09.Proxy elections are conducted by spending crores of Indian rupees in order to perpetuate colonialism through quislings, puppets regimes and fifth columnists under proxy election process by way of misleading illiterate electorate. The Indian colonial regime in no way justify the electoral process whatsoever since the people of khulmi kuki cannot exercise their independent political will and resolve their destiny at the gun point of the massive racists Indian colonial army and several thousands of mercenaries, subversives and spies. The colonial elections held in mighty presence of occupation army, mercenaries and pouring crores of rupees for bribery have debarred the people to exercise their free will and no plebiscite on de-colonization had ever been held. Alcoholic , drugs, heroine, brown sugar and narcotics are freely distributed to the voters in the colonial elections.
2.010.The proposals to establish Mongoloid Khulmi Kuki Tribal –cum- Linguistic Research Institute has been submitted to the centre government of India department of Tribal Research, Ministry of Art and Culture, Central Institute of Indian Languages Mysore, Linguistic Minority, Government of India and UNESCO India in 2004 had been exploited, concealed and neglected by officers in due scale of the unity among the Mongoloid Khulmi Kuki Manmasi and Afridis who had been spreaded in all over Asian countries (www.ukeximlexicon.blogspot.
com/http://www.ukexim.
RIGHT TO SELF-DETERMINATION.
3.01.It is significant to reiterate the absolute commitment of the UN to eradicate colonialism in all its forms and manifestations by 2000 AD and to put in record the emergence of 135 independent states in conformity with the global de-colonization process that sparked off since 1960’s and 1970’s. The official deadline for eradication of colonialism remaining unaltered. Colonialism will be sustained in proximity – colonies of India the Kuki country had been separated and demarcated into three countries like North East India, Chin Hills, western countries of Myanmar and Chittagong Hill Tracts and Sylhet in Eastern countries of Bangladesh and nearly fifty other territories many of which are incorporated in the list of 48 un-represented people of the UNPO – the Hague based un-represented nations and peoples organizations. These colonies will survive the 2000 AD UN deadline unless the UN and its main organs initiate pro-active decolonization as much as it did in 1960’s and 1970’s. The UN would not fulfill its objectives of total decolonization in the events of sustaining the above colonies or peoples who are yet to exercise their rights to self determination.
3.02.The government of India, Burma and Bangladesh has the treaty obligations to allowed alien, dependent, subjugated and oppressed people to exercise their inalienable right to self determination as the government has rectified the 1966 and 1966 besides it DRADAOK being a regional power which facilitated national liberation and decolonization of several colonized peoples in the third world. The UN human rights committee in 1997 July has urged upon the government of India to withdraw her reservation in respect of common articles 1 of the articles and 1966. The go DRADAOK vernment has comply with this recommendation and report compliance by 2000 AD at the time of submitting the 4th periodic report to the UNHRC vide article 40 of the 1966. DRADAOK
3.03.Government of India’s declaration in respect of her ratification of the 1966 DRADAOK on 10th April,1979 is as follows :-
DRADAOK ARTICLE – 1 .
Para. 10. It has been the position of India ever since its independence that adherence to self determination is co-existed with the principle of sovereign equality. The principle of domestic jurisdiction of state as enshrined in the UN charter is to be equally respected.
Para.11. In conformity with this position of principle on self determination India made the following declaration in 1979 at the time of its accession to the international covenant on civil and political rights. “with reference to article 1 of the international covenant on civil and political rights, the government of the republic of India declares that the words ‘right to self determination’ appearing (in this article) apply to people under foreign domination”.
3.04.The mongoloid khulmi kuki people who had never constituted a part of Hindustan or India, or British India had been placed under Indian foreign domination in the event of the separation of the khulmi kuki country in India, Myanmar and Bangladesh in 1947. The caveat to the declaration makes room for according the right to self determination to the people of khulmi kuki manmasi and afridis. The Vienna world conference on human rights in 1993 and the UN human rights committee in July 1997 have mandated the government of India to remove even this narrow caveat and accord the right to deserving people including khulmi kuki who had been sovereign for two millennia before Indian annexation. India’s present stance prevents the worldwide decolonization process and hence she owes an explanation for her defense of colonialism of the khulmi kuki country.
3.05. India’s declaration stipulated that “declaration contains enunciation of certain basic principles “ paragraph 1 declares “the subjection of peoples to alien subjugation, domination and exploitation constitutes a denial of fundamental human rights….”the people khulmi kuki obviously falls into the Indian enunciation of alien subjugation and domination. The colonial government of India has to prove that khulmi kuki are not alien to Indian.
3.06.The people of the Mongoloid khulmi kukis who are colonized by alien Indian administering power and people of non self governing territories. Indonesian election had been held in East Timor since 1977 yet East Timor is recognized as non self governing territory by theUN. Similarly colonial elections have been held in occupied the kuki land by the Indian, Myanmar and Bangladesh administering power without any prejudice to the sovereign political status of mongoloid khulmi kuki manmasi and afridis.
3.07.The ICJ in Portugal v/s Australia 1995 has decided that the East Timorese have their right to self determination erga omnes (against the whole community). Similarly, the people of khulmi kuki have their right to self determination erga omnes, notwithstanding India’s preposterous prevarication against the colonized khulmi kukis.
3.08.The UN and its appropriate agencies, the ICRC, NAM, ASEAN, SAARC, among others refrain from making a close watch on monitoring and deterring the dehumanizing human rights violations commited by the Indian state terrorism and the occupation Indian army. Consequently, peace and stability in this part of the world have been a permanent casualty and would remain so until the colonial army is withdrawn as it has been done in Kosova.
PETITION
4.01.The DRADAOK wholeheartedly acclaims the UN action in the decolonization process and the UN’s effort to eradicate colonialism by 2000. The khulmi kuki organization therefore draws your kind immediate attention to the above mentioned facts and evidences of colonialism thrust upon the people of mongoloid khulmi kukis by the Indian, myanmarese and Bangladeshi colonial power and its occupation forces by dispatching a membership under UNPO in the appropriate forums of the UN decolonization committee and the fourth committee among others of the UNPO general assembly.
4.02.The DRADAOK holds the opinion that UN’s endeavor to eradicate colonialism shall be materially achieved only after decolonizing proximity or neighborhood colonialism in Asia Pacific beyond the scope of the classical European salt water colonialism. In this sacred UN mission the UN cannot leave the world half decolonized and half re-colonized. Indonesia and India which are considered to be world leader in neutrality movement or in some context had non self governing territories or colonies like East Timor, Indonesia and khulmi kuki country in post 1947 India.
4.03.The DRADAOK strongly urges upon the UN secretary general, UN agencies, fourth committee of the UN general assembly, and the open ended bureau of the UN special committee on decolonization to kindly enlist the kuki country in the list of non self governing territories of the UN and initiate all the necessary action towards eradicating India, Burma and Bangladesh colonialism and hostile military occupation of khulmi kuki country.
4.04.The DRADAOK beseech and petitions all the appropriate UN authorities to allowed the indigenous khulmi kuki people to exercise their inalienable rights to self determination, independence and sovereignty.
8d.Information on whether the organization is a co-ordinating or other form of association of two or more organs of leadership of one nation or people or more peoples or nations
THE BRIEF HISTORY OF THE KHULMI -KUKI MANMASI - AFFRIDIS AND ITS MIGRATION FROM THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA
INTRODUCTION
There had been much deliberation and transaction of opinions and ideologies among right thinking person of the kukis as to why a common platform which will be an apex body should not be formed in which every individual born in the Kuki dominated land and areas should have as a rightful citizen free access to express and represent themselves as being human and not like any other creatures of lower status. There had been also much pain and suffering, and a saga of tragedy in association with the word Kuki and Kukis. Because they are the people who are once pre-dominant, supreme and reign themselves in self-sovereignty has been suppressed, subdued, exploited and over-ruled by the alien Nation and People in their own land stretching over the whole North East India, North West Burma, Sylhet and Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh Pakistan, Afghanistan and in other parts of Asian countries such as China, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Philippines etc.
Under the alien rule and domination they are deprived off of their rights, they are exploited and subjugated. But in spite of being revile, hostile and opposed the miscreant and tyrants they are meek, gentle, kind, generous and peace-loving and hence they sought for peaceful solutions to every problems they faced with their opponents, exploiters and oppressors. As the time went on nationalism arise and nationalistic feelings are strong among the people and around the land they settled which leads to the formation of extremist groups and insurgency problems. Their social, culture, religious, economic and political life has been severely affected and their land shattered apart which have threatened even their existence to great extend. Hence they become conscious of what their life and their future will be. The calamities continue and linger on.
The only and the best alternative, option, choice and solution they have is that they will at the best retained their culture, custom and traditions, their language, art and literatures; preserve their socio-economic, political and religious heritage, rites and rituals; and protect their civic and political rights and regain their status as independent and sovereign nation in their own land which have been declined over the years ever since the extortion and the encroachment and division of their land and people by a secessionist alien power and nation. To determine and execute the matters and pursue their rights to Self-Determination by peaceful and non-violent means DRADAOK is form and came into existence and achieve highly commendable work and an ample progress in determining the future of their people and their generation to come.
KUKI HISTORY
WHO ARE KUKI OR THE KUKIS ?
1.KUKI AS HEBREW OR SEMETIC ORIGIN :
The Kukis who are living now in North East India, North West Burma
(The North East Frontier Of India, Part- III, Chapters XX-XXI, by Alexander Mackenzie), Sylhet and Chittagong hill tracts of Bangladesh,(The Chin Hills, Vol. I, Page.3, by Betram S.Carey and H.N.Tuck,) and who are also widely scattered in other parts of Asian countries
such as China, Japan(http://www.
The king was happy to hear them so and hence he came to Syria and deported them as hired laborer with a token appropriate with the term they agreed. Sometimes back while they were in Syria and before they came to China a legendary figure named Manmasi/Vanthang (Kuki Life And Lore, pages 295-313, published by NCHDC, Haflong, Assam,1985) was born among them. He was extra-ordinarily handsome, brilliant and talented. He made a windpipe (Gosem) which is a traditional Kuki music instrument, from bamboo stem and after he designed and crafted it wisely he blew it and it makes a sound very sweet like a music. He did it for days sitting at the bank of the river when he feel lonely and boring. While doing in that way one day a python came out of the stream of the river as a beautiful girl (Lhangnel) and said to Manmasi that he will not blow the pipe again and stop it as she felt melancholy by hearing sweet music. Manmasi said to her that he did it in order to forget his loneliness and melancholy so he cannot stop blowing it. Lhangnel then said to him that if he do it again she will marry him. By saying this they depart and Manmasi come back home. He became infatuated with Lhangnel at first sight as she was extremely beautiful and he fell sick in love with her. Seeing him weak and deminished the villagers came and asked him as to why he became ill and anxiety. He told them about the girl whom he had seen and fall in love. The elders of the village then came to know that he is befriended (Golnei) by a demon and hence his condition become serious and he will die if the demon is not departed from him immediately.
So they request him to show them the girl that if they can see then they may perform a rite or a ritual to separate them and he will be well and he said it is possible. They all come to the river and Manmasi start blowing the pipe and Lhangnel came out of the river as a beautiful girl for Manmasi and as a python (Sampi) for the villagers. The villagers screamed in fear and run away. Lhangnel catch Manmasi and pull down to the stream of the river and they married there. Manmasi disappeared since then and the villagers thought of him as already died. But after a few years he came to the village with his three sons Shongthu, Shongja and Jahong whom he beget with Lhangnel. The villagers and his kinsmen refuse him to live in the village saying that he had been defiled and breaking the law by marrying Lhangnel and hence he will be excommunicated. Manmasi live outside the village in isolation with his sons and his childrens. He is poor, helpless, defenceless and exposed to all harms and dangers of life. Hence he came to Lhangnel in an utmost despair with his sons and made an appeal that she will help him in his helpless condition. Lhangnel considered the matter seriously and granted him his request and out of her pity and sympathy gave a present to each of his three sons for their protection and sustenance. She gave Shongthu a big white Gong (Dahkang), Shongja a big Sword (Jontan) and Jahong a Household Charm (Indoi). The presents which they received have a special and a unique power by which they can be fully protected and which can also detect some magic and power machineries. Lhangnel after handing over the presents said to Manmasi that she had done her parts as she was responsible and from now on the bond between them should have bound no more. After they are in possession of the gifts they became strong and powerful and respected. Manmasi live well peacefully and restored with his people and married another woman from among the villagers named Lhangminu (Kuki Life
And Lore, Pages 295-313, Published by NCHDC, Haflong, Assam,1985.) and beget another four sons Songkip, Jakhai, Songmang and Songphen. Manmasi and his seven sons altogather Shongthu, Shongja, Jahong, Songkip, Jakhai and Songmang became the ancestors, progenitors and great grand-fathers of the Kukis.
2.KUKI AS MANMASI, KHULMI, MONGOLOID OR AFRIDIS:
When descendents of Abraham were taken to China as hired laborer by Shih Haungti the Chinese king, they were already in possession of the presents given by Lhangnel their great grand-mother, but the king did not know it. They were spent off well with the king for fifty years in sub-ordination for the construction of that huge wall or fort and according to the tradition of Jews and Hebrews Fiftieth Years’ Jubilee was celebrate (Holy Bible,Leviticus.25:10-15) in which a prisoner is freed and a debtor is paid off and forgiven his debt. The descendents of Abraham requested the king to allow them celebrate the jubilee as they have completed fifty years of their tenure in labor. The Jews and Hebrews tradition-ally possessed Torah or Scroll (Holy Bible, Deuteronomy.6:1-9) as their sacred law and strictly followed and observed it. When the king saw the Torah he came to know that they are the people who were superior and exceptional though they were look simple and ordinary. So he was jealous of them and hence he hide away their Torah and did not allow them to celebrate the Jubilee. They were annoyed by the indifference of the king towards their genuine character and exceptional quality and hence they consumed themselves in drinking wine, got drunk and stager. They rise against the king in agitation and in which occur a public demonstration. In their uprising Shongja posed himself as if he is dancing and celebrating. He is waving and swinging his sword and strike it through Chinvah’s womb and killed her inauspicously.
The thick blood oozed out of Chinvah’s wound and a big giant and gigantic Dragon (GulLhem) which the king employed to keep and safeguard the inner circles of the Cave (Khul) smelled the odour from the blood and it opposed and resisted the smell of the blood intensely and hence it exhale and blotch out its perspiration in storm and at once a thick and a great darkness fall inside the Cave/khul and in all its surroundings. There is a phenomenon that during this whole darkness everything including men and animal that are living died and that died become alive. This great phenomenon of darkness for a prolong course is called as MujinLhun by our forefathers. Mujin means a great thick darkness and Lhun means in this concept an occurrence, happening or outcome of an Event. Hence, MujinLhun means in short the occurrence of a great and a thick darkness. The perspiration expelled from the belly of the Dragon/GulLhem which caused that terrible darkness becomes a deadly venom or poison which killed the people in very inauspicious condition.
While they were to die of that a fatal death amidst that great thick darkness Chongthu traced by a great luck where his white gong/Dahkang is and he beats it in strum and the light of the day once again appear on the face of the earth and they got a chance to killed Dragon their predator. Now they sang a tune of lyric to tame that fierce Dragon. Dragon was fully hynoptized and when it struggle to loose and tight in tune with chanting of the lyric Shongja draw his Sword/Jontan from its sheath, slash and cut Dragon into three stumps and butcher it into pieces. As they killed dragon and free from its prey, they march towards outside of the Cave through its exit but in their great astonishment they were faced with another beast, a large eagle (Mulaopi) which conceal the mouth of the Cave/Khul which is the only exit and entrance from both outside and inside the Cave/khul. The king order and command to do it so that no one can go and pass through it. Shongja try his best with his black Dog (Chalvom) and Sword/Jontan. He incited his dog to have bitten, holdfast and firm the leg of the Eagle/Mulaopi and the dog did it as he order. As Eagle/Mulaopi was bitten and hold it tightly and firmly by the Dog it struggled, lay out and stretch out its long neck and while its neck is stretch outside the mouth of the Cave Shongja drew his sword, slash and cut it through its neck and the Eagle/Mulaopi was killed in great action.
Shongthu, Shongja, Jahong, Songkip, Jakhai, Songmang, Songthan, Lunkim, Lenthang and their party or contingent came out of the Cave/Khul after a great struggle for survival. It is said that unknown and countless number of people died during the construction of the wall or fort (www.en.wikipedia.org :Great wall of China). They spend fifty years in the building and construction of that huge wall or fortification in centre part of China which become in modern days one of the seven wonders of the world that is “The Great Wall of China”. After they come out from the Cave/Khul they live in Chungkhopi which means a great city of the upper land and during which Shongthu, Shongja and Noimangpa which means dominant of the lower land are prominent leader and chief among them and sometimes after they are living in Chungkhopi they start migration from one part of the land to another part in great dissection and in different groups.
3. KUKI INTERNATIONAL DIASPORA :
Beginning from as descendent of Abraham, Shem, Semetic or Hebrew Race and Origin the Kukis as a People or a Nation like the Jews with whom they have close affinity as Semetic Race by birth, descent and origin has a vast history of international dissection and diaspora. As the Jews were scattered widely in all over the world in so much as the Kukis the world over. When they were in the land of Ur and Canaan their progenitor Abraham was in prominence and hence they are known as and referred to as Hebrew or Semtic race and when they are in Syria and after sometime they were referred to as Manmasi name after Manmasi/Vanthang whose popularity and prominence with his people after becoming famous with his extra-ordinary gifts he obtain from Lhangnel (Python) for his three sons Shongthu, Shongja and Jahong. Sometimes after Manmasi the term Afridis has been reffered to as generic name or title of the Kukis (Frontier And Overseases Expeditions From India, Pages 1-12) while they were in
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